Quetta, Pakistan, admits to being Taliban headquarters, but in fact the city’s residents are bitterly divided into factions supporting and opposing the NATO-backed Afghan government.
Drab urban blocks are festooned with bright flags of the two sides: Those who want to destroy the Afghan government and those who favour protecting it. Black and white stripes mark the homes, vehicles, and even children's kites of the Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam, a political party that openly supports the Taliban insurgency.
Not far away, spray-painted on a rock or worn proudly on a baseball cap, the red, white and green colours of Pashtoonkhwa indicate the supporters of Hamid Karzai, Afghanistan's President.
Members of the Pashtun ethnic group, who are centred in northwest Pakistan (including Quetta) and southern Afghanistan, are vilified as Taliban supporters, but they too are similarly divided. Some back the Taliban and oppose the Kabul government, but others support the cause of Pashtun nationalism and campaign for an end to the war in Afghanistan.
Pashtun nationalists agitate on behalf of a group that feels marginalized by Pakistan's government and business elites, which are dominated by Punjabis from the country's northeast. Those same angry Pashtuns, their numbers swollen by the millions of Afghan refugees, fill the ranks of the Taliban supporters and, as they filter back and forth across the border, the insurgency itself.
The difference between the Taliban supporters and the Pashtun nationalists is that the latter's anger is directed at Islamabad, calling for either a Pashtun homeland inside Pakistan or recognition of Kabul's historical claim that Quetta as well as other territory belongs to Afghanistan.
Pakistan’s intelligence agency ISI is widely believed to be providing support for the Taliban, and the Pashtun division may help to explain that. Viewing anti-government Pashtun nationalists as more dangerous than the Taliban, the ISI aids their pro-Taliban rivals.
Pashtun nationalists denounce the ISI for encouraging the war in Afghanistan, while backers of the Taliban claim their nationalist countrymen are pro-American and anti-religious.
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ABC News' Teddy Davis