The narwhal is a species of whale that lives in arctic waters, feeds on fish, and has a tusk that grows up to nine feet in length. In medieval times, narwhal tusks were sold as unicorn horns and fetched upwards of £16,000 from European monarchs. But why does the narwal have a tusk anyway? Does it help break ice, spear fish, or does it serve some social function? All wrong, according to the latest scientific findings.
[A] team of scientists from Harvard and the National Institute of Standards and Technology has now made a startling discovery: the tusk, it turns out, forms a sensory organ of exceptional size and sensitivity, making the living appendage one of the planet's most remarkable, and one that in some ways outdoes its own mythology.The find came when the team turned an electron microscope on the tusk's material and found new subtleties of dental anatomy. The close-ups showed that 10 million nerve endings tunnel from the tusk's core toward its outer surface, communicating with the outside world. The scientists say the nerves can detect subtle changes of temperature, pressure, particle gradients and probably much else, giving the animal unique insights.
. . .
With the basics now in hand, the team is working to understand how the narwhal uses the information. One theory is that the tusk can detect salinity gradients that tell if ice is freezing, a hazard that has killed hundreds of narwhals.
Well, then, one might wonder whether the tusk does such a great job of detection.
via titusonenine.









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