This is one of the fundamental theological differences between Protestants and Roman Catholics, as Paul Zahl, Dean and President of Trinity Episcopal School for Ministry, points out in this essay in the latest issue of Modern Reformation. Many of Dean Zahl's colleagues are, as they say, swimming the Tiber–i.e., converting to Roman Catholicism. Among their reasons are Roman Catholicism's strong stand against the relativistic and dissolute trends in modern culture, as well as the recent selection of Pope Benedict XVI, who seems determined to maintain and strengthen the orthodox theological traditions of his church.
But Zahl, as much as he understands the motivations of his colleagues, cannot join them because of disagreement over what happens when God justifies a believer.
The big problem with Roman Catholicism is the old and enduring problem, which has never been resolved. It is the problem of the first formal cause of our Justification. "They" believe in infusion, "we" believe in imputation. For the layman, this means "they" teach that we are OK when we become actually OK, while "we" teach that we are OK before we become actually OK. The classic way of putting this is that we become righteous after we are regarded, in our lostness, as righteous. And we remain, in this human life, both 100% righteous (from God's point of view because of Christ's perfect sacrifice) and thoroughly flawed (instrinsically) even as our fruited works show the gradual growth of actual righteousness within us.
Zahl cites Article 9 of the Anglican Communion's statement of faith, The Thirty-Nine Articles, in support of his understanding:
Here is how the ninth article of the Thirty-Nine Articles of Religion (1561) puts it: "Man is very far gone from original righteousness, and is of his own nature inclined to evil, so that the flesh lusteth always contrary to the Spirit; and therefore in every person born into this world, it deserveth God's wrath and damnation. And this infection of nature doth remain, yea in them that are regenerated."
Read the whole thing.
As an aside, Dean Zahl's essay mentions an editorial in a Frankurt (Germany) newspaper that referred to Pope Benedict XVI as the Counter-Reformation in person. Not exactly the sort of description to inspire a Reformed Protestant, I would think.
via titusonenine.
UPDATE: More here.